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Cash FlowGlossary Term

Entitlement Risk

The risk that a subcontractor cannot fully recover costs or markup owed under contract due to unclear scope, missing documentation, or disputed change orders. It often arises when work is performed without written authorisation. Strong record-keeping and proactive change management are the primary defences.

Related Terms

Lien

Cash Flow

A legal claim registered against a property or asset when a subcontractor hasn't been paid for work or materials. It prevents the owner from selling or refinancing until the debt is settled. In oil and gas and construction, liens are a key tool for protecting payment rights.

Basis Risk

Cash Flow

The gap between a benchmark price (like WTI crude) and the actual local price your client pays. When that gap widens unexpectedly, clients may cut field budgets mid-contract. This can delay your invoices or reduce your awarded scope.

Geopolitical Risk Premium

Cash Flow

An added cost built into project contracts to account for instability in regions where work is performed. For subcontractors, it affects bid pricing, insurance rates, and mobilisation costs. Clients in high-risk areas may pay elevated day rates to secure reliable field crews.

Master Default Order

Cash Flow

A court order declaring a prime contractor in default on financial obligations, often freezing payments to subcontractors. It signals serious insolvency risk and can delay or eliminate outstanding invoices. Subcontractors should file liens immediately upon receiving notice.

Substantial Completion

Cash Flow

The point when a project is complete enough for the owner to use it for its intended purpose. For subcontractors, it typically triggers final invoicing and starts the defect liability period. Holdbacks or retainage are often released shortly after this milestone.

Working Capital

Cash Flow

The difference between your current assets and current liabilities — essentially the cash available to keep operations running. For subcontractors, it covers payroll, fuel, and equipment costs while awaiting client payment. Tight working capital is a common risk when payment terms stretch 60–90 days.

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