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Cash Flow Glossary Term

Change Order

A formal written amendment to an existing contract that modifies scope, cost, or schedule. Subcontractors should never perform out-of-scope work without a signed change order. Undocumented changes are a leading cause of unpaid invoices and disputes.

Related Terms

Fixed-Price Contract

Cash Flow

A contract where the subcontractor agrees to complete a defined scope of work for a set price regardless of actual labour, equipment, or material costs incurred — meaning cost overruns come directly out of your margin. Unlike time-and-material agreements, these contracts reward efficiency but expose field service companies to significant financial risk if scope creep or unforeseen site conditions arise.

Cost-Escalation Clause

Cash Flow

A contract provision allowing subcontractors to adjust their rates when material, labour, or fuel costs rise beyond a set threshold. It protects field service companies from absorbing unexpected cost increases on long-term projects. Without one, subcontractors are locked into original pricing regardless of market changes.

Rescheduling

Cash Flow

Rescheduling occurs when a client moves a confirmed job to a new date, disrupting crew and equipment plans. Subcontractors should have rescheduling clauses in contracts to recover standby costs. Repeated rescheduling without compensation can seriously damage a small operator's cash flow.

Working Capital

Cash Flow

The difference between your current assets and current liabilities — essentially the cash available to keep operations running. For subcontractors, it covers payroll, fuel, and equipment costs while awaiting client payment. Tight working capital is a common risk when payment terms stretch 60–90 days.

Wholesale Cost

Cash Flow

The base price a subcontractor pays to source materials, equipment, or supplies before adding markup. Understanding wholesale cost helps field service companies price jobs accurately and protect margins. It is the starting point for calculating billable rates to clients.

Committed Utilization Agreement

Cash Flow

A contract where a client guarantees a minimum percentage of hours or days your equipment and crew will be engaged over a set period. It protects subcontractors from revenue gaps during slow cycles. Rates are often discounted in exchange for that guaranteed volume.

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