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Cash FlowGlossary Term

Change Order

A formal written amendment to an existing contract that modifies scope, cost, or schedule. Subcontractors should never perform out-of-scope work without a signed change order. Undocumented changes are a leading cause of unpaid invoices and disputes.

Related Terms

Natural Gas Futures

Cash Flow

Contracts that lock in a future price for natural gas, traded on commodity markets. When futures prices drop, upstream clients often cut budgets and delay field work. Subcontractors should monitor futures as an early signal of upcoming project slowdowns or cancellations.

Close-Out

Cash Flow

The final phase of a contract where all work is confirmed complete, documentation is submitted, and outstanding invoices are settled. For subcontractors, delays in close-out often mean delayed final payment. Completing punch lists, timesheets, and lien waivers promptly helps accelerate the process.

FCF (Free Cash Flow)

Cash Flow

Cash remaining after covering operating costs and equipment or tool purchases. For subcontractors, strong FCF means you can take on new contracts, absorb payment delays, and avoid emergency borrowing. It is one of the clearest signs of a financially healthy field service business.

LEM (Labour, Equipment, Materials)

Cash Flow

A breakdown of costs on a field ticket or invoice, separating charges into labor hours, equipment usage, and materials consumed.

Unit Rate

Cash Flow

A pricing model where work is billed per unit completed (per meter drilled, per cubic meter hauled, per joint welded, etc.).

Spot Price

Cash Flow

The current market rate for materials, fuel, or equipment rentals purchased for immediate delivery. Spot prices fluctuate daily, directly affecting your job cost estimates and margins. Locking in rates early can protect subcontractors from sudden price spikes mid-project.

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