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Cash FlowGlossary Term

Progress Billing

Invoicing for work completed to date on a longer project, rather than waiting until project completion. Helps subcontractors maintain cash flow on extended jobs.

Related Terms

T&M (Time and Materials)

Cash Flow

A pricing model where the contractor bills for actual time spent and materials used, plus markup. Common for work where scope is uncertain.

Take-Or-Pay

Cash Flow

A contract clause requiring the client to pay for a minimum volume of services or materials, whether used or not. For subcontractors, it provides revenue protection when a project slows down or scopes are cut. Negotiate these clauses carefully to ensure your standby rates and mobilisation costs are covered.

CWIP (Construction Work in Progress)

Cash Flow

An accounting category tracking costs for projects not yet complete or placed into service. For subcontractors, your invoiced work may sit in a client's CWIP account until project completion. This can affect payment timing and how clients prioritise approving your billings.

Rack and Carriage

Cash Flow

A pricing structure where subcontractors charge a marked-up "rack" rate for materials, plus a separate fee for delivery or handling. It allows field service companies to recover supply chain costs beyond base labour rates.

Planning Reserve Margin

Cash Flow

A buffer of extra labour, equipment, or budget set aside to cover unexpected delays or scope changes on a project. Subcontractors use it to avoid cost overruns when field conditions shift. Typically expressed as a percentage of the total estimated project value.

Standby (standby Time)

Cash Flow

Time when a subcontractor's crew or equipment is on-site but unable to work due to client-caused delays. Most contracts allow billing at a reduced standby rate during this period. Tracking and documenting standby time is critical to recovering these costs.

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