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Cash FlowGlossary Term

Material Escalation

A contract provision allowing price adjustments when material costs rise above a set threshold. Subcontractors use it to recover cost increases on longer-duration projects. Without it, unexpected price spikes in steel, pipe, or consumables come directly out of your margin.

Related Terms

Firm-Fixed-Price

Cash Flow

A contract where the subcontractor agrees to deliver work for a set price, regardless of actual costs incurred. Cost overruns come out of your margin, not the client's budget. Accurate estimating and scope control are critical before signing.

Progress Billing

Cash Flow

Invoicing for work completed to date on a longer project, rather than waiting until project completion. Helps subcontractors maintain cash flow on extended jobs.

Fuel Surcharge

Cash Flow

A variable fee added to invoices to offset rising fuel costs for equipment, vehicles, and machinery. Rates are typically tied to a published fuel index and adjusted weekly or monthly. Subcontractors should confirm surcharge terms in their master service agreements before mobilising.

Formula Programs

Cash Flow

Pricing arrangements where labour or service rates are automatically adjusted based on preset variables like fuel costs or inflation indices. Common in long-term oil and gas contracts, they reduce rate renegotiation between operators and subcontractors.

Net 30/Net 45/Net 60

Cash Flow

Payment terms indicating when payment is due after invoice date. Net 30 means payment within 30 days. Many operators use Net 45 or Net 60, extending subcontractor cash cycles.

Fixed-Rate Contract

Cash Flow

A contract where the subcontractor agrees to complete a defined scope of work for a set price, regardless of actual labour or material costs incurred — meaning cost overruns come directly out of your margin. Common in construction and turnaround work, these contracts reward efficient crews and tight project management but carry significant financial risk if scope creep or site conditions aren't carefully managed upfront.

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