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Cash FlowGlossary Term

Firm Customers

Clients committed to regular, ongoing work under standing agreements or master service contracts. For subcontractors, firm customers provide predictable scheduling and steady revenue. They reduce reliance on spot work and help justify keeping crews and equipment mobilised.

Related Terms

Backlog

Cash Flow

The total value of contracted work that has been awarded but not yet completed. A healthy backlog signals steady upcoming revenue and helps subcontractors plan crew deployment and equipment needs. Thin backlogs often signal the need to ramp up bidding activity.

Master Default Order

Cash Flow

A court order declaring a prime contractor in default on financial obligations, often freezing payments to subcontractors. It signals serious insolvency risk and can delay or eliminate outstanding invoices. Subcontractors should file liens immediately upon receiving notice.

Early Payment Discount

Cash Flow

A reduced invoice amount offered to prime contractors or clients who pay before the standard due date. Common terms like 2/10 Net 30 mean a 2% discount if paid within 10 days. Subcontractors must weigh the cash-flow benefit against the revenue they give up.

T&M (Time and Materials)

Cash Flow

A pricing model where the contractor bills for actual time spent and materials used, plus markup. Common for work where scope is uncertain.

Material Escalation

Cash Flow

A contract provision allowing price adjustments when material costs rise above a set threshold. Subcontractors use it to recover cost increases on longer-duration projects. Without it, unexpected price spikes in steel, pipe, or consumables come directly out of your margin.

Construction Input Costs

Cash Flow

The direct costs subcontractors pay to deliver field work, including labour, materials, fuel, and equipment. These costs fluctuate with market conditions, directly squeezing margins if contracts aren't priced accordingly. Tracking them closely helps subcontractors identify when to renegotiate rates or escalation clauses.

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