Refinery Throughput

The contractual framework that determines how an owner, general contractor, and subcontractors are organised on a project. It directly affects when you get hired, who you report to, and how your scope is defined. Common methods include DBB (Design-Bid-Build), DB (Design-Build), and EPCM (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction Management).

Deposits of bitumen mixed with sand, clay, and water, primarily found in Alberta. Extraction and upgrading operations require large volumes of subcontracted trades, maintenance crews, and specialised equipment. Project cycles are long, but remote site conditions and extreme cold demand strong mobilisation planning.

A contract between an operator and a service company that establishes the general terms and conditions for all future work. Individual jobs are then executed under work orders or AFEs referencing the MSA.

The mechanical process of increasing natural gas pressure for pipeline transport or storage. Subcontractors are frequently mobilised to install, maintain, or repair compressor units and associated equipment. Compression work is common in gas processing facilities, wellsites, and midstream pipeline operations.

Exploration activity conducted in remote, undeveloped, or previously unworked regions where subcontractors can expect longer mobilisation lead times, higher logistical costs, and limited access to local supply chains or support infrastructure.

A scheduled series of hydraulic fracturing operations across multiple wells or stages within a defined period, representing a concentrated burst of work that subcontractors must plan for with adequate crew, equipment, and supply chain capacity. For field service companies, winning a spot in a frac campaign can mean weeks of steady, high-volume work but also demands tight mobilisation timelines and the ability to scale up quickly.

What Is an AFE in Oil and Gas and How Does It Affect Subcontractor Payments?

An AFE (Authorization for Expenditure) controls every dollar spent on an oilfield project. Learn how it affects your billing, change orders, and cash flow as a subcontractor.