T&D (Transmission and Distribution)

The formal handover point where ownership or responsibility for a measured quantity of oil, gas, or other product moves from one party to another — typically triggering billing, invoicing, or contractual obligations for subcontractors involved in metering, transport, or handling operations. Field service crews working custody transfer points must ensure measurements are accurate and fully documented, as discrepancies can directly affect client invoices and liability.

The volume of crude oil a refinery processes over a set period, typically measured in barrels per day. Higher throughput means more maintenance, turnaround, and inspection work for subcontractors. Expect busier scopes and tighter schedules when a client ramps up processing capacity.

A company that provides specialized services to oil and gas operators, such as drilling, completions, workover, transportation, or maintenance. Also called oilfield services (OFS).

Refers to power generation or energy systems located on a client's side of the utility connection point. For subcontractors, this often means working on site-owned generators, solar arrays, or battery storage on industrial or remote worksites. Scopes here fall outside utility jurisdiction, affecting permitting and inspection requirements.

The point when a project owner formally approves funding and commits to proceeding with a major project. For subcontractors, FID is the trigger that converts preliminary work into confirmed scopes and purchase orders. Mobilisation planning, crew hiring, and equipment sourcing typically begin after FID is announced.

A real-time data acquisition process used during directional drilling that transmits downhole measurements — such as wellbore trajectory, formation data, and tool orientation — to surface crews without interrupting operations. For subcontractors, MWD services represent a specialised scope of work requiring certified technicians and dedicated equipment, often billed as a separate line item on drilling contracts.

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An AFE (Authorization for Expenditure) controls every dollar spent on an oilfield project. Learn how it affects your billing, change orders, and cash flow as a subcontractor.